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solidarity [n.] Unity of purpose, interest, or sympathy. 團結一致 |
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【例】It is hard to achieve solidarity when each person thinks only of himself. 要是每個人所想到的只是他自己，那就很難團結一致了。 |
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plaudit [n.] An expression of praise. 稱讚；讚揚；喝采；拍手(常用複數) |
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【例】Long after the play, the leading actress could hear the plaudits of the audience still echoing in her ears. 落幕之後，許久許久，女主角仍能聽到觀眾的喝采，縈迴不絕於耳。 |
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palaver [n.] Long and idle chatter or cajolery. 空談；哄騙；引誘 |
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【例】The two little girls held a palaver to decide how to spend their quarter in the cookie store. 兩個小女孩在餅乾店裡商量怎樣來花用她們的兩毛半。 |
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liaison [n.] Communication between groups or units. 聯絡 |
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【例】There was an excellent liaison between the army and the industry. 軍方與工業界之間聯絡關係良好。 |
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GRE題解 Miko：Academic products developed at a university are properly considered the results of "work for hire" and really belong to the institution. Therefore, the university should own the copyright for any computer software developed by it faculty. Kofi：But a copyright policy this restrictive can impede a university's primary mission of generating and disseminating knowledge. Kofi's response has which of the following relationships to Miko's argument? (A) Kofi contradicts Miko's ecidence. (B) Kofi points out a hidden assumption required by Miko's argument. (C) Kofi points out a problematic consequence of accepting Miko's argument. (D) Kofi shows that Miko's reasoning is circular. (E) Kofi shows that Miko forms a generalization from an atypical case. |
| 說明 |
【參考譯文】Miko：大學開發的學術的學術產品被恰當地以為是"雇員工作"的結果，並且應屬於大學。因此，大學應當擁有其成員開發的任何計算機軟件的版權。Kofi：但是版權政策這個限制性詞語阻礙大學創造知識和傳播知識的基本使命。問：K的反應與M的論述有什麼關係？ (A) K反駁M的論據。 (B) K指M論述需要的一個隱含的假設。 (C) K指出接受M論述的一個有問題的結果。 (D) K顯示M推理是循環的。 (E) K顯示M從一個從一個非典型的例子進行總結。分析：M的因果關係明確：因為"work for hire"，所以university own the copy right。而K的反應與M論述並未直接衝突，而涉及一個新概念，即"university's primary of mission"。(A)若反駁M，應針對evidence："work for hire"，顯然K未涉及這一內容。(B)M的assumption應為"work for hire"與university own the copyright之間的聯系，K的反應還不到這個目的。(C)仔細考慮K的反應，恰恰是接受了M的論述"university's primary of mission"後的遞進推理"impede a university's primary mission"，即與大學基本使命相矛盾。版權是阻止知識傳播的，所以大學擁版權就與大學的基本使命相矛盾了。 |
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fidelity [n.] Faithfulness；loyalty 忠誠；忠實 |
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His fidelity to his principles was known to his friends. 他忠於自己的原則是他的朋友都曉得的。 |
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exemplary [adj.] Serving as a model, deserving imitation, or commendable；serving as an example or illustration. 可為模範的 |
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She was admired for her exemplary conduct. 她的模範行為受人敬佩 |
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elation [n.] Happiness or joy. 得意洋洋 |
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John was filled with elation at having won the championship. 約翰因得到冠軍而得意洋洋 |
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decorum [n.] Conformity to social conventions；propriety and good taste in action, speech, or dress. 禮節；禮儀 |
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Mary always acts with decorum. 瑪麗的舉止總是合於禮儀 |
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Dear Editor：Jones's new book had the potential to destroy reputations of persons who have held high governmental responsibility during national crises. However, readers should dismiss Jones's criticisms. Jones's antigovernment attitude is well known, and his criticisms will convince only those like himself, persons who have never had real responsibility and never will, and hence are not qualified to judge. The argument above includes which of the following questionable techniques? (A) It employs the term "responsibility" in more than one sense. (B) It assumes that attacking the source of a claim is sufficient to disprove the claim. (C) It assumes that the majority of people share Jones's attitude of opposition to government policies. (D) It appeals to a person of unreliable authority as a supporter of its position. (E) It confuses cause and effect. |
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【參考譯文】親愛的編輯：瓊斯的新書潛在地詆毀了國家危機時有著很高政府責任的人的名譽。然而，讀者不會理會瓊斯的批評。瓊斯的反政府態度是眾所周知的，他的批評只會使一些像他那樣的人信服，一些從未有將來也不會真正責任的人。因此不值得去評判。上面的論述包括下列哪一個有問題的方法？ (A)它使用"責任"一詞超過一個意思。 (B)它假設攻擊一個主張的源頭足以反對該主張。 (C)它假設大多數人和瓊斯一樣有反對政府政策的態度。 (D)它應用一個站不住腳的權威來作為其立場的支持。 (E)它混淆了因果關係。分析：許多同學解題時把重點放在問題中的"questionable"，但從段落中看不出什麼問題，所以解此類題應找出一個描述上面推理特點的選項。(A)responsibility一直是"責任"的意義，所以不對。(B)仔細考慮，確實 (B)描述了上面邏輯推理的特點，上文反對的是Jones's new book，而採用的方法是反對Jones這個人，恰恰是attack the source of a claim，所以 (B) is correct。(C) a person of unreliable authority顯然是上文中未涉及到的概念。(E)上述因果關係並未倒置。 |
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